| reference conditions.
In Canada, reference conditions (R) are 25°C
and 101.3 kPa. In the United States, standard conditions
(S) are 68°F and 29.92 in Hg. Pollutant
Concentration (mg/R.m³) x Effluent Flow Rate (R.m³/s)
= Pollutant Mass Rate mg/s
Volumes and volumetric rates measured at Actual
Conditions (A) can be converted to Reference or
Standard Conditions using the universal gas laws.
Instrumental analyzers typically report pollutant
concentrations on a part per million volume basis
(ppmv). This unit needs to be converted to a mass
per unit volume basis (mg/m³) in order to determine
the mass rate of the pollutant.
This is accomplished
using the formula below:
Where:
MW is the molecular
weight of the pollutant gas i.e. 64 g/gmole for
SO2
MV is the molar
volume at reference or standard conditions i.e.
24.45 L/mole at 25°C and 1 atm
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